Key Findings from An Insight into Track and Field Coaches' Knowledge and Use of Sprinting Drills to Improve Performance, (Whelan, Kenny, & Harrison, 2016)

This study investigated the selection and rationale behind sprinting drills used by track and field coaches, particularly focusing on their understanding of how these drills impact sprint performance and technique. Key findings from the study highlight:

The Importance of ‘Purpose-Driven’ Drill Selection

Coaches widely view sprint drills as a critical part of training, emphasizing the need for drills that closely mimic the biomechanics and muscle activations involved in sprinting.

The study stresses the necessity for “purpose-driven” drills, chosen not merely for tradition but for their relevance to sprint-specific mechanics. Drills like A-skips, Marches, and Driving Knees were popular among coaches due to their close resemblance to sprint movement patterns, supporting knee drive and explosive power, critical elements in sprinting.

Phase-Specific Training

Coaches should tailor drills to support the different phases of a sprint (acceleration, transition, and speed maintenance), ensuring a holistic approach to technique and strength development.

The Gap Between Drills and Muscle Activation Knowledge

Despite the importance placed on sprint-specific drills, there is a noticeable gap in coaches' understanding of muscle activation patterns.

The study found that certain drills are commonly used but may not effectively target the appropriate muscle groups. For example, while heel flicks are widely used to mimic the knee flexion seen in sprinting, research indicates that their muscle activation patterns may not contribute effectively to sprint mechanics. The study calls for more critical evaluation of drills to ensure they are biomechanically supportive of sprinting goals.

The study challenges coaches who use these drills to consider what they are trying to achieve by implementing them, and whether there is another way that could achieve the same outcomes while better mirroring the spriting action.

Reliance on Tradition and Copying Other Coaches

The coaches examined in the study often based drill choices on methods used by successful peers or longstanding practices in track and field. While experience is valuable, this approach sometimes lacks scientific validation. The study suggests that coaches benefit from a deeper understanding of biomechanics and muscle activation to ensure that each drill aligns with the physiological demands of sprinting.

Ask Yourself ⁉️

Do you critically assess each drill’s relevance to sprint mechanics, considering how it improves not only technique, but also muscle-specific strength and activation patterns that directly enhance sprint performance?

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