Coaching Athletes with Intellectual Disability of Autism: What You Need to Know
Understanding how to support athletes with intellectual disability (ID) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is essential for creating positive and inclusive track and field environments. In conjunction with Special Olympics Australia, we recenty hosted a webinar providing practical coaching strategies and insight into how these athletes may experience athletics.
Here's a summary of the key points covered.
Understanding Intellectual Disability (ID)
ID is characterised by limitations in cognitive functioning and skills such as problem solving, learning, communication, and physical coordination. It’s important to remember that:
Every individual is different. Don’t make assumptions about ability.
Athletes with ID may process information more slowly or require more time to learn new skills.
They may experience anxiety in high-pressure or unfamiliar settings, such as competitions or school programs.
ID is not always visible. Approach each athlete with curiosity and care.
Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Autism affects how a person communicates, learns, and interacts with others. It is also a hidden disability, and individuals will experience it differently. Key considerations include:
Preference for routine and predictability.
Difficulty with transitions or unexpected changes.
Challenges with sensory input like loud noises, strong smells, or bright lights.
Use of different communication methods, including visuals or assistive devices.
Tendency to interpret language literally and struggle with social cues.
Many individuals with autism engage in “stimming” — repetitive behaviours that help them manage emotions and sensory input. This is normal and should be respected.
Coaching Strategies that Work
Coaches can create successful environments by adjusting their approach:
Get to know your athletes: Understand their strengths, communication style, and support needs. Use a class profile to gather this info before your session.
Select the right level: Match activities to ability, not age. Start simple and build up gradually.
Use visual supports: Coloured dots, visual stories, and routine cards help athletes understand what’s expected and reduce anxiety.
Keep language clear and direct: Avoid slang. Break down instructions into manageable parts.
Allow extra time: For both answering questions and practising skills. Repetition over several weeks is fine and can reinforce learning.
Be specific with feedback: “You kept your elbows high in that sprint” is far more helpful than “good job”.
Resources Available
Australian Athletics provides several coach support tools through the Inclusive Sport Academy, including:
Coach Profiles: Introduce yourself before sessions to ease anxiety.
Class Profiles: Gather key information on athlete needs.
Visual Stories: Help athletes understand what to expect at a session or venue.
These are simple but powerful resources that help you deliver more effective and inclusive coaching.
For a full walkthrough of these principles with examples specific to athletics, please watch the video in full. It’s an essential guide for any coach delivering school programs, Little Athletics, or inclusive sessions.
